Jamal al-Din al-Afghani

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Jamal al-Din al-Afghani سید جمال‌‌‌الدین افغانی
Personal
Born	Sayyid Jamaluddin ibn Safdar 1839 Kunar, Afghanistan or Hamadan, Iran[1][2][3]
Died	9 March 1897 (aged 58) Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
Cause of death	Cancer of the jaw[3]
Resting place	Kabul, Afghanistan[3]
Religion	Islam
Nationality	Disputed[1][2][3]
Creed	Disputed[1][2][3]
Movement	Modernism Pan-Islamism[4][5] Neo-Sufism[6] Islamism[7][8]
Notable idea(s)	Pan-Islamism α, Sunni-Shia unity, against the British[9]
Muslim leader
Influenced by Alpharabius,[10] Avicenna,[11] Averroes,[11] Avempace,[10] Suhrawardi,[10] Nasir al-Din al-Tusi,[11] Mir Damad,[10] Mulla Sadra[10]
Influenced Muhammad Abduh,[11] Rashid Rida, Maulana Azad, Saad Zaghloul,[11] Mirza Reza Kermani[11]

Sayyid Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī^{[11][12][13][14]} (Pashto/Persian: سید جمال‌‌‌الدین افغانی), also known as Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī^[15][16][17] (Persian: سید جمال‌‌‌الدین اسد‌آبادی) and commonly known as Al-Afghani (1838/1839 – 9 March 1897), was a political activist and Islamic ideologist who travelled throughout the Muslim world during the late 19th century. He is one of the founders of Islamic Modernism^[14][18] as well as an advocate of Pan-Islamic unity in India against the British,^[9][19] he has been described as having been less interested in minor differences in Islamic jurisprudence than he was in organizing a united response to Western pressure.^[20][21] He is also known for his involvement with his follower Mirza Reza Kermani in the successful plot to assassinate Shah Naser-al-Din, whom Afghani considered to be making too many concessions to foreign powers, especially the British Empire.^[22]